自然语言处理领域重要论文&资源全索引

 

选自GitHub

作者：Kyubyong Park

机器之心编译

参与：刘晓坤、李泽南

自然语言处理（NLP）是人工智能研究中极具挑战的一个分支。随着深度学习等技术的引入，NLP领域正在以前所未有的速度向前发展。但对于初学者来说，这一领域目前有哪些研究和资源是必读的？最近，Kyubyong Park 为我们整理了一份完整列表。

GitHub 项目链接：https://github.com/Kyubyong/nlp_tasks

本人从事自然语言处理任务（NLP）的研究已经有很长时间了，有一天我想到，我需要为庞大的 NLP领域做一个概览，我知道自己肯定不是想要一睹 NLP 任务的全貌的第一个人。

我曾竭尽所能的研究过尽可能多种类型的 NLP 任务，但由于个人知识的局限，我承认还远远没有穷尽整个领域。目前，该项目选取的参考文献都偏重最新的深度学习研究成果。我希望这些能为想要深入钻研一个 NLP 任务的人们提供一个开端。这个项目将持续更新，不过，我更希望与更多人合作。如果你有意愿的话，欢迎对这个项目作出贡献。

回指解析

See Coreference Resolution （https://github.com/Kyubyong/nlp_tasks#coreference-resolution）

自动作文评分

论文：AutomaticText Scoring Using Neural Networks （https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.04289）论文：ANeural Approach to Automated Essay Scoring（http://www.aclweb.org/old_anthology/D/D16/D16-1193.pdf）竞赛：Kaggle:The Hewlett Foundation: Automated Essay Scoring（https://www.kaggle.com/c/asap-aes）项目：EnhancedAI Scoring Engine（https://github.com/edx/ease）

自动语音识别

WIKI Speech recognition（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition）论文：DeepSpeech 2: End-to-End Speech Recognition in English and Mandarin（https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.02595）论文：WaveNet:A Generative Model for Raw Audio （https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03499）项目：A TensorFlow implementation of Baidus DeepSpeech architecture（https://github.com/mozilla/DeepSpeech）项目：Speech-to-Text-WaveNet: End-to-end sentence level English speech recognition using DeepMinds WaveNet（https://github.com/buriburisuri/speech-to-text-wavenet）竞赛：The 5thCHiME Speech Separation and Recognition Challenge（http://spandh.dcs.shef.ac.uk/chime_challenge/）资源：The 5thCHiME Speech Separation and Recognition Challenge（http://spandh.dcs.shef.ac.uk/chime_challenge/download.html）资源：CSTRVCTK Corpus（http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/jyamagis/page3/page58/page58.html）资源：LibriSpeechASR corpus （http://www.openslr.org/12/）资源：Switchboard-1Telephone Speech Corpus （https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc97s62）资源：TED-LIUMCorpus （http://www-lium.univ-lemans.fr/en/content/ted-lium-corpus）

自动摘要

WIKI Automatic summarization （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_summarization）书籍：AutomaticText Summarization （https://www.amazon.com/Automatic-Text-Summarization-Juan-Manuel-Torres-Moreno/dp/1848216688/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507782304&sr=1-1&keywords=Automatic+Text+Summarization）论文：TextSummarization Using Neural Networks（http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.823.8025&rep=rep1&type=pdf）论文：Rankingwith Recursive Neural Networks and Its Application to Multi-DocumentSummarization（https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI15/paper/viewFile/9414/9520）资源：TextAnalytics Conferences（TAC）（https://tac.nist.gov/data/index.html）资源：DocumentUnderstanding Conferences （DUC）（http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/duc/data.html）

指代消解

INFO Coreference Resolution（https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/coref.shtml）论文：DeepReinforcement Learning for Mention-Ranking Coreference Models（https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08667）论文：ImprovingCoreference Resolution by Learning Entity-Level Distributed Representations（https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01323）竞赛：CoNLL2012 Shared Task: Modeling Multilingual Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes（http://conll.cemantix.org/2012/task-description.html）竞赛：CoNLL2011 Shared Task: Modeling Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes（http://conll.cemantix.org/2011/task-description.html）

实体链接

见「命名实体消歧」部分

语法错误纠正

论文：NeuralNetwork Translation Models for Grammatical Error Correction（https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.00189）竞赛：CoNLL-2013Shared Task: Grammatical Error Correction（http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nlp/conll13st.html）竞赛：CoNLL-2014Shared Task: Grammatical Error Correction（http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nlp/conll14st.html）资源：NUSNon-commercial research/trial corpus license（http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nlp/conll14st/nucle_license.pdf）资源：Lang-8Learner Corpora（http://cl.naist.jp/nldata/lang-8/）资源：CornellMovie--Dialogs Corpus （http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~cristian/Cornell_Movie-Dialogs_Corpus.html）项目：DeepText Corrector（https://github.com/atpaino/deep-text-corrector）产品：deepgrammar（http://deepgrammar.com/）

字素音素转换

论文：Grapheme-to-PhonemeModels for （Almost） Any Language（https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b9c8/fef9b6f16b92c6859f6106524fdb053e9577.pdf）论文：PolyglotNeural Language Models: A Case Study in Cross-Lingual Phonetic RepresentationLearning （https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.03832.pdf）论文：MultitaskSequence-to-Sequence Models for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion（https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/26d0/09959fa2b2e18cddb5783493738a1c1ede2f.pdf）项目：Sequence-to-Sequence G2P toolkit （https://github.com/cmusphinx/g2p-seq2seq）资源：Multilingual Pronunciation Data（https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B7R_gATfZJ2aWkpSWHpXUklWUmM）

语种猜测

见「语种辨别」部分

语种辨别

WIKI Language identification （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_identification）论文：AUTOMATICLANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS（https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/666848/automatic_lopez-moreno_ICASSP_2014_ps.pdf?sequence=1）竞赛： 2015Language Recognition Evaluation （https://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/mig/2015-language-recognition-evaluation）

语言建模

WIKI Language model （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_model）工具包： KenLMLanguage Model Toolkit （http://kheafield.com/code/kenlm/）论文：DistributedRepresentations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality（http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5021-distributed-representations-of-words-and-phrases-and-their-compositionality.pdf）论文：Character-AwareNeural Language Models（https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI16/paper/viewFile/12489/12017）资源： PennTreebank （https://github.com/townie/PTB-dataset-from-Tomas-Mikolov-s-webpage/tree/master/data）

语种识别

见「语种辨别」部分

同一词类

WIKI Lemmatisation （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemmatisation）论文： JointLemmatization and Morphological Tagging with LEMMING（http://www.cis.lmu.de/~muellets/pdf/emnlp_2015.pdf）工具包：WordNet Lemmatizer（http://www.nltk.org/api/nltk.stem.html#nltk.stem.wordnet.WordNetLemmatizer.lemmatize）资源：Treebank-3 （https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc99t42）

观唇辨意

WIKI Lip reading （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip_reading）论文：LipReading Sentences in the Wild （https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.05358）论文：3DConvolutional Neural Networks for Cross Audio-Visual Matching Recognition（https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.05739）项目： LipReading - Cross Audio-Visual Recognition using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks（https://github.com/astorfi/lip-reading-deeplearning）资源： TheGRID audiovisual sentence corpus （http://spandh.dcs.shef.ac.uk/gridcorpus/）

机器翻译

论文：NeuralMachine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate（https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0473）论文：NeuralMachine Translation in Linear Time （https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.10099）论文：AttentionIs All You Need （https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762）竞赛： ACL2014 NINTH WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION（http://www.statmt.org/wmt14/translation-task.html#download）竞赛： EMNLP2017 SECOND CONFERENCE ON MACHINE TRANSLATION （WMT17）（http://www.statmt.org/wmt17/translation-task.html）资源：OpenSubtitles2016 （http://opus.lingfil.uu.se/OpenSubtitles2016.php）资源： WIT3:Web Inventory of Transcribed and Translated Talks （https://wit3.fbk.eu/）资源： TheQCRI Educational Domain （QED） Corpus（http://alt.qcri.org/resources/qedcorpus/）

生成词法变化

WIKI Inflection （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection）论文：MorphologicalInflection Generation Using Character Sequence to Sequence Learning（https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.06110）竞赛：SIGMORPHON 2016 Shared Task: Morphological Reinflection（http://ryancotterell.github.io/sigmorphon2016/）资源：sigmorphon2016 （https://github.com/ryancotterell/sigmorphon2016）

命名实体消歧

WIKI Entity linking （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_linking）论文：Robustand Collective Entity Disambiguation through Semantic Embeddings（http://www.stefanzwicklbauer.info/pdf/Sigir_2016.pdf）

命名实体识别

WIKI Named-entity recognition （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named-entity_recognition）论文：NeuralArchitectures for Named Entity Recognition （https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.01360）项目： OSUTwitter NLP Tools （https://github.com/aritter/twitter_nlp）竞赛： NamedEntity Recognition in Twitter （https://noisy-text.github.io/2016/ner-shared-task.html）竞赛： CoNLL2002 Language-Independent Named Entity Recognition（https://www.clips.uantwerpen.be/conll2002/ner/）竞赛：Introduction to the CoNLL-2003 Shared Task: Language-Independent Named EntityRecognition （http://aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419）资源：CoNLL-2002 NER corpus（https://github.com/teropa/nlp/tree/master/resources/corpora/conll2002）资源：CoNLL-2003 NER corpus （https://github.com/synalp/NER/tree/master/corpus/CoNLL-2003）资源： NUTNamed Entity Recognition in Twitter Shared task（https://github.com/aritter/twitter_nlp/tree/master/data/annotated/wnut16）

释义检测

论文：DynamicPooling and Unfolding Recursive Autoencoders for Paraphrase Detection（http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.650.7199&rep=rep1&type=pdf）项目：Paralex: Paraphrase-Driven Learning for Open Question Answering（http://knowitall.cs.washington.edu/paralex/）资源：Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus （https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52398）资源：Microsoft Research Video Description Corpus （https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52422&from=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdownloads%2F38cf15fd-b8df-477e-a4e4-a4680caa75af%2F）资源： PascalDataset （http://nlp.cs.illinois.edu/HockenmaierGroup/pascal-sentences/index.html）资源：Flicker Dataset （http://nlp.cs.illinois.edu/HockenmaierGroup/8k-pictures.html）资源： TheSICK data set （http://clic.cimec.unitn.it/composes/sick.html）资源： PPDB:The Paraphrase Database （http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ccb/ppdb/）资源：WikiAnswers Paraphrase Corpus（http://knowitall.cs.washington.edu/paralex/wikianswers-paraphrases-1.0.tar.gz）

语法分析

WIKI Parsing （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing）工具包： TheStanford Parser: A statistical parser （https://nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml）工具包： spaCyparser （https://spacy.io/docs/usage/dependency-parse）论文：A fastand accurate dependency parser using neural networks（http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D14-1082）竞赛： CoNLL2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies （http://universaldependencies.org/conll17/）竞赛： CoNLL2016 Shared Task: Multilingual Shallow Discourse Parsing（http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~clp/conll16st/）竞赛： CoNLL2015 Shared Task: Shallow Discourse Parsing（http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~clp/conll15st/）竞赛：SemEval-2016 Task 8: The meaning representations may be abstract, but this taskis concrete! （http://alt.qcri.org/semeval2016/task8/）

词性标记

WIKI Part-of-speech tagging （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part-of-speech_tagging）论文：MultilingualPart-of-Speech Tagging with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Models andAuxiliary Loss （https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.05529.pdf）论文：UnsupervisedPart-Of-Speech Tagging with Anchor Hidden Markov Models（https://transacl.org/ojs/index.php/tacl/article/viewFile/837/192）资源：Treebank-3 （https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc99t42）工具包：nltk.tag package （http://www.nltk.org/api/nltk.tag.html）

拼音-中文转换

论文：NeuralNetwork Language Model for Chinese Pinyin Input Method Engine（http://aclweb.org/anthology/Y15-1052）项目： NeuralChinese Transliterator（https://github.com/Kyubyong/neural_chinese_transliterator）

问答系统

WIKI Question answering （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_answering）论文：Ask MeAnything: Dynamic Memory Networks for Natural Language Processing（http://www.thespermwhale.com/jaseweston/ram/papers/paper_21.pdf）论文：DynamicMemory Networks for Visual and Textual Question Answering（http://proceedings.mlr.press/v48/xiong16.pdf）竞赛： TRECQuestion Answering Task （http://trec.nist.gov/data/qamain.html）竞赛：NTCIR-8: Advanced Cross-lingual Information Access （ACLIA）（http://aclia.lti.cs.cmu.edu/ntcir8/Home）竞赛： CLEFQuestion Answering Track （http://nlp.uned.es/clef-qa/）竞赛：SemEval-2017 Task 3: Community Question Answering（http://alt.qcri.org/semeval2017/task3/）资源： MSMARCO: Microsoft MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset（http://www.msmarco.org/）资源：Maluuba NewsQA （https://github.com/Maluuba/newsqa）资源： SQuAD:100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text（https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/）资源：GraphQuestions: A Characteristic-rich Question Answering Dataset（https://github.com/ysu1989/GraphQuestions）资源： StoryCloze Test and ROCStories Corpora （http://cs.rochester.edu/nlp/rocstories/）资源：Microsoft Research WikiQA Corpus （https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52419&from=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdownloads%2F4495da01-db8c-4041-a7f6-7984a4f6a905%2Fdefault.aspx）资源：DeepMind Q&A Dataset （http://cs.nyu.edu/~kcho/DMQA/）资源： QASent（http://cs.stanford.edu/people/mengqiu/data/qg-emnlp07-data.tgz）

关系提取

WIKI Relationship extraction （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_extraction）论文：A deeplearning approach for relationship extraction from interaction context insocial manufacturing paradigm（http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705116001210）

语义角色标注

WIKI Semantic role labeling （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_role_labeling）书籍：Semantic Role Labeling （https://www.amazon.com/Semantic-Labeling-Synthesis-Lectures-Technologies/dp/1598298313/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1507776173&sr=1-1&keywords=Semantic+Role+Labeling）论文：End-to-endLearning of Semantic Role Labeling Using Recurrent Neural Networks（http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P15/P15-1109.pdf）论文：NeuralSemantic Role Labeling with Dependency Path Embeddi ngs（https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.07515）竞赛：CoNLL-2005 Shared Task: Semantic Role Labeling（http://www.cs.upc.edu/~srlconll/st05/st05.html）竞赛：CoNLL-2004 Shared Task: Semantic Role Labeling（http://www.cs.upc.edu/~srlconll/st04/st04.html）工具包：Illinois Semantic Role Labeler （SRL）（http://cogcomp.org/page/software_view/SRL）资源：CoNLL-2005 Shared Task: Semantic Role Labeling（http://www.cs.upc.edu/~srlconll/soft.html）

语句边界消歧

WIKI Sentence boundary disambiguation（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_boundary_disambiguation）论文：AQuantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Sentence Boundary Detection for theClinical Domain （https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5001746/）工具包： NLTKTokenizers （http://www.nltk.org/_modules/nltk/tokenize.html）资源： TheBritish National Corpus （http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/）资源：Switchboard-1 Telephone Speech Corpus （https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc97s62）

情绪分析

WIKI Sentiment analysis （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiment_analysis）INFO Awesome Sentiment Analysis （https://github.com/xiamx/awesome-sentiment-analysis）竞赛：Kaggle: UMICH SI650 - Sentiment Classification（https://www.kaggle.com/c/si650winter11#description）竞赛：SemEval-2017 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter（http://alt.qcri.org/semeval2017/task4/）竞赛：SemEval-2017 Task 5: Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis on Financial Microblogsand News （http://alt.qcri.org/semeval2017/task5/）项目：SenticNet （http://sentic.net/about/）资源：Multi-Domain Sentiment Dataset （version2.0）（http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~mdredze/datasets/sentiment/）资源：Stanford Sentiment Treebank （https://nlp.stanford.edu/sentiment/code.html）资源：Twitter Sentiment Corpus （http://www.sananalytics.com/lab/twitter-sentiment/）资源：Twitter Sentiment Analysis Training Corpus （http://thinknook.com/twitter-sentiment-analysis-training-corpus-dataset-2012-09-22/）资源： AFINN:List of English words rated for valence（http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6010）

源分离

WIKI Source separation （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_separation）论文：FromBlind to Guided Audio Source Separation （https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00922378/document）论文：JointOptimization of Masks and Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Monaural SourceSeparation （https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.04149）竞赛： SignalSeparation Evaluation Campaign （SiSEC）（https://sisec.inria.fr/）竞赛： CHiMESpeech Separation and Recognition Challenge（http://spandh.dcs.shef.ac.uk/chime_challenge/）

说话人认证

见「说话人识别」部分

语音身份分离

WIKI Speaker diarisation （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_diarisation）论文：DNN-basedspeaker clustering for speaker diarisation（http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109281/1/milner_is16.pdf）论文：UnsupervisedMethods for Speaker Diarization: An Integrated and Iterative Approach（http://groups.csail.mit.edu/sls/publications/2013/Shum_IEEE_Oct-2013.pdf）论文：Audio-VisualSpeaker Diarization Based on Spatiotemporal Bayesian Fusion（https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.09725.pdf）竞赛： RichTranscription Evaluation （https://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/mig/rich-transcription-evaluation）

说话人识别

WIKI Speaker recognition （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_recognition）论文：A NOVELSCHEME FOR SPEAKER RECOGNITION USING A PHONETICALLY-AWARE DEEP NEURAL NETWORK（https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/204a/ff8e21791c0a4113a3f75d0e6424a003c321.pdf）论文：DEEPNEURAL NETWORKS FOR SMALL FOOTPRINT TEXT-DEPENDENT SPEAKER VERIFICATION（https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/41939.pdf）竞赛： NISTSpeaker Recognition Evaluation （SRE）（https://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/mig/speaker-recognition）INFO Are there any suggestions for free databases for speakerrecognition?（https://www.researchgate.net/post/Are_there_any_suggestions_for_free_databases_for_speaker_recognition）

唇读

见「观唇辨意」部分

语音识别

见「自动语音识别」部分

语音分割

WIKI Speech_segmentation （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_segmentation）论文：WordSegmentation by 8-Month-Olds: When Speech Cues Count More Than Statistics（http://www.utm.toronto.edu/infant-child-centre/sites/files/infant-child-centre/public/shared/elizabeth-johnson/Johnson_Jusczyk.pdf）论文：UnsupervisedWord Segmentation and Lexicon Discovery Using Acoustic Word Embeddings （https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.02845）论文：UnsupervisedLexicon Discovery from Acoustic Inpu（http://www.aclweb.org/old_anthology/Q/Q15/Q15-1028.pdf）论文：Weaklysupervised spoken term discovery using cross-lingual side information（http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/29957958/1609.06530v1.pdf）资源：CALLHOME Spanish Speech （https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc96s35）

语音合成

WIKI Speech synthesis （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesis）论文：WaveNet:A Generative Model for Raw Audio （https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03499）论文：Tacotron:Towards End-to-End Speech Synthesis （https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10135）论文：DeepVoice 2: Multi-Speaker Neural Text-to-Speech（https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.08947）资源： TheWorld English Bible （https://github.com/Kyubyong/tacotron）资源： LJSpeech Dataset （https://github.com/keithito/tacotron）资源： LessacData （http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/blizzard/2011/lessac_blizzard2011/）竞赛：Blizzard Challenge 2017 （https://synsig.org/index.php/Blizzard_Challenge_2017）PRODUCT Lyrebird （https://lyrebird.ai/）项目： TheFestvox project （http://www.festvox.org/index.html）工具包：Merlin: The Neural Network （NN） based Speech Synthesis System（https://github.com/CSTR-Edinburgh/merlin）

语音增强

WIKI Speech enhancement （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_enhancement）书籍： Speechenhancement: theory and practice （https://www.amazon.com/Speech-Enhancement-Theory-Practice-Second/dp/1466504218/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1507874199&sr=8-1&keywords=Speech+enhancement%3A+theory+and+practice）论文 AnExperimental Study on Speech Enhancement BasedonDeepNeuralNetwork（http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~jundu/Speech%20signal%20processing/publications/SPL2014_Xu.pdf）论文： ARegression Approach to Speech Enhancement BasedonDeepNeuralNetworks（https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yong_Xu63/publication/272436458_A_Regression_Approach_to_Speech_Enhancement_Based_on_Deep_Neural_Networks/links/57fdfdda08aeaf819a5bdd97.pdf）论文： SpeechEnhancement Based on Deep Denoising Autoencoder（https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yu_Tsao/publication/283600839_Speech_enhancement_based_on_deep_denoising_Auto-Encoder/links/577b486108ae213761c9c7f8/Speech-enhancement-based-on-deep-denoising-Auto-Encoder.pdf）

语音文本转换

见「自动语音识别」部分

口语的术语检测

见「语音分割」部分

词干提取

WIKI Stemming （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemming）论文： ABACKPROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK TO IMPROVE ARABIC STEMMING（http://www.jatit.org/volumes/Vol82No3/7Vol82No3.pdf）工具包： NLTKStemmers （http://www.nltk.org/howto/stem.html）

术语提取

WIKI Terminology extraction （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminology_extraction）论文： NeuralAttention Models for Sequence Classification: Analysis and Application to KeyTerm Extraction and Dialogue Act Detection （https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.00077.pdf）

文本简化

WIKI Text simplification （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_simplification）论文：Aligning Sentences from Standard Wikipedia to Simple Wikipedia（https://ssli.ee.washington.edu/~hannaneh/papers/simplification.pdf）论文：Problems in Current Text Simplification Research: New Data Can Help（https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2b8d/a013966c0c5e020ebc842d49d8ed166c8783.pdf）资源：Newsela Data （https://newsela.com/data/）

文本语音转换

见「语音合成」部分

文本蕴涵

WIKI Textual entailment （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textual_entailment）项目：Textual Entailment with TensorFlow （https://github.com/Steven-Hewitt/Entailment-with-Tensorflow）论文：Textual Entailment with Structured Attentions and Composition（https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.01126.pdf）竞赛：SemEval-2014 Task 1: Evaluation of compositional distributional semantic modelson full sentences through semantic relatedness and textual entailment（http://alt.qcri.org/semeval2014/task1/）竞赛：SemEval-2013 Task 7: The Joint Student Response Analysis and 8th RecognizingTextual Entailment Challenge （https://www.cs.york.ac.uk/semeval-2013/task7.html）

声音转换

论文：PHONETIC POSTERIORGRAMS FOR MANY-TO-ONE VOICE CONVERSION WITHOUT PARALLEL DATATRAINING（http://www1.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~hccl/publications/pub/2016_paper_297.pdf）项目： Animplementation of voice conversion system utilizing phonetic posteriorgrams（https://github.com/sesenosannko/ppg_vc）竞赛： VoiceConversion Challenge 2016 （http://www.vc-challenge.org/vcc2016/index.html）竞赛： VoiceConversion Challenge 2018 （http://www.vc-challenge.org/）资源：CMU_ARCTIC speech synthesis databases （http://festvox.org/cmu_arctic/）资源： TIMITAcoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus（https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc93s1）

声音识别

见「说话人识别」部分

词嵌入

WIKI Word embedding （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_embedding）工具包：Gensim: word2vec （https://radimrehurek.com/gensim/models/word2vec.html）工具包：fastText （https://github.com/facebookresearch/fastText）工具包： GloVe:Global Vectors for Word Representation（https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/glove/）INFO Where to get a pretrained model （https://github.com/3Top/word2vec-api）项目：Pre-trained word vectors of 30+ languages（https://github.com/Kyubyong/wordvectors）项目：Polyglot: Distributed word representations for multilingual NLP（https://sites.google.com/site/rmyeid/projects/polyglot）

词预测

INFO What is Word Prediction? （http://www2.edc.org/ncip/library/wp/what_is.htm）论文： Theprediction of character based on recurrent neural network language model（http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=7960065）论文： AnEmbedded Deep Learning based Word Prediction（https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01662）论文：Evaluating Word Prediction: Framing Keystroke Savings（http://aclweb.org/anthology/P08-2066）资源： AnEmbedded Deep Learning based Word Prediction（https://github.com/Meinwerk/WordPrediction/master.zip）项目： WordPrediction using Convolutional Neural Networks—can you do better than iPhone™Keyboard? （https://github.com/Kyubyong/word_prediction）

词分割

WIKI Word segmentation（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_segmentation#Segmentation_problems）论文： NeuralWord Segmentation Learning for Chinese （https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.04300）项目：Convolutional neural network for Chinese word segmentation（https://github.com/chqiwang/convseg）工具包：Stanford Word Segmenter （https://nlp.stanford.edu/software/segmenter.html）工具包： NLTKTokenizers （http://www.nltk.org/_modules/nltk/tokenize.html）

词义消歧

资源：Word-sense disambiguation （https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word-sense_disambiguation）论文：Train-O-Matic: Large-Scale Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation in MultipleLanguages without Manual Training Data （http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1008）资源：Train-O-Matic Data （http://trainomatic.org/data/train-o-matic-data.zip）资源：BabelNet （http://babelnet.org/）